&l;peclass=&quo;bes-exmb-10&quo;id=&quo;bes-conen-2729996628&quo;syle=&quo;min-heigh:55px;&quo;&g; &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;根据污水来源的观点，污水可以定义为从住宅、机关、商业或者工业区排放的与地下水、地表水、暴风雪等混合的携带有废物的液体或者水。污水由许多类别，相应地减少污水对环境的影响也有许多技术和工艺。按照污水来源，污水可以分为这四类。 &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;第一类：工业废水&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;来自制造采矿和工业生产活动的污水，包括来自与工业或者商业储藏、加工的径流活渗沥液，以及其它不是生活污水的废水。 &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;第二类：生活污水&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;来自住宅、写字楼、机关或相类似的污水；卫生污水；下水道污水，包括下水道系统中生活污水中混合的工业废水。 &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;第三类：商业污水&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;来自商业设施而且某些成分超过生活污水的无毒、无害的污水。如餐饮污水。洗衣房污水、动物饲养污水，发廊产生的污水等。 &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;第四类：表面径流&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;来自雨水、雪水、高速公路下水，来自城市和工业地区的水等等，表面径流没有渗进土壤，沿街道和陆地进入地下水。&l;/span&g;&l;/pe&g;

&l;p&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;污水的概念&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;污水是生活污水、工业废水、被污染的雨水的总称&l;b/&g; 生活污水是人类在日常生活中使用过的,并被生活废料所污染的水&l;b/&g; 工业废水是在工矿企业生产活动中用过的水。工业废水可分为生产污水与生产废水两类。&l;b/&g; 生产污水是指在生产过程中形成、并被生产原料、半成品或成品等废料所污染,也包括热污染(指&l;b/&g; 生产过程中产生的、水温超过60的水);生产废水是指在生产过程中形成,但未直接参与生产&l;b/&g; 工艺、未被生产原料、半成品或成品污染或只是温度稍有上升的水&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g;  &l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;&l;song&g;水污染现状及来源&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; 1、水污染及治理现状&l;b/&g; 污水处理率&l;b/&g; 截至2016年9月底,全国设市城市、县(下称“城镇&dquo;)累计建成城镇污水处理厂3976座&l;b/&g; 处理能力达到1.70亿立方米/日。城镇污水处理率919%;县城污水处理率8522%,90%以上&l;b/&g; 的城市水域受到污染,特别严重的水系:三河:淮河、海河、辽河&l;b/&g; 湖泊富营养化严重:滇池、巢湖(安徽)、太湖(江苏)&l;b/&g; 50%左右地下水水质受到污染;50%以上的重点城镇饮用水源不符合标准&l;b/&g; 2、水污染来源&l;b/&g; 生活污水的排放数量超过工业废水。2011年我国生活废水排放量428亿吨,占废水排放总&l;b/&g; 量的65%;而工业废水排放量231亿吨,占35%。&l;b/&g; A点污染源:(1)工业污染源&l;b/&g; 十小企业:小型造纸、制革、印染、染料、炼焦、炼硫、炼砷、炼油、电镀、农药&dquo;&l;b/&g; 十大重点行业:造纸、焦化、氮肥、有色金属、印染、农副食品加工、原料药制造、制革&l;b/&g; 农药、电镀等&l;b/&g; (2)生活污染源:BOD200~300mgL&l;b/&g; (3)养殖业:产值占农业生产总值的30%&l;b/&g; 如北京的养殖业排放的BOD约为工业和生活污水BOD总量的2倍。&l;b/&g; B.面污染源:城市暴雨、农业生产:化肥和农药的使用、农田排水与暴雨径流&l;b/&g; C交通污染源:汽车排&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px0px20px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:1.75em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-decoaion:undeline;&quo;&g;&l;emsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;fon-syle:ialic;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-decoaion:undeline;colo:gb(63,63,63);lee-spacing:0.5px;&quo;&g;第一阶段：&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/em&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px0px20px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:1.75em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(63,63,63);lee-spacing:0.5px;&quo;&g;向氧化沟反应池进水并启动水下推流器。持续进水到氧化沟中水位达到设计有效水深的1/3时，将接种污泥均匀地投入到氧化沟反应池中，采用鼓风曝气系统开始曝气，同时连续进水至氧化沟反应池中水位达到设计运行水位(采用转刷或转碟曝气系统,在此时开始曝气)，在污泥接种完成后的持续进水过程中逐步增加曝气量至曝气量达到最大。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px0px20px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:1.75em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(63,63,63);lee-spacing:0.5px;&quo;&g;氧化沟水位达到设计运行水位后，持续进水至二沉池中。当二沉池进水2小时后启动沉淀池刮泥机和污泥回流泵，使在二沉池中沉淀的活性污泥在污泥驯化初期能快速地被收集，并回流到生物处理池中。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px0px20px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:1.75em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(63,63,63);lee-spacing:0.5px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;污泥回流率应通过观察回流污泥情况进行调整，一般情况下污泥回流比，应控制在50~100%之间。&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px0px20px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:1.75em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(63,63,63);lee-spacing:0.5px;&quo;&g;当二沉池达到正常运行水位，应观察活性污泥状况，控制进水，直到出现模糊不清的絮状物，这时可适当进水，换水以补充营养物，换水量可控制在氧化沟池容的25%再重复上述操作。当二沉池开始溢流时，启动后续污水处理工艺，如消毒工艺。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px0px20px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:1.75em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(63,63,63);lee-spacing:0.5px;&quo;&g;在生物处理池水位达到正常运行水位后应随时监控氧化沟中溶解氧(DO)浓度值(通过溶解氧测定仪)，以判断曝气量是否足够，并作出相应调整。在活性污泥驯化过程中，&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;溶解氧的浓度应能满足以下三方面可能发生的情况下：&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px0px5px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:1.75em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(63,63,63);lee-spacing:0.5px;&quo;&g;a)进水和回流污泥中溶解氧浓度较低;需要较多充氧量；&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px0px5px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:1.75em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(63,63,63);lee-spacing:0.5px;&quo;&g;b)进水缺氧，需要有足够的溶解氧将其快速改变成充氧环境；&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px0px20px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:1.75em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(63,63,63);lee-spacing:0.5px;&quo;&g;c)当污水中营养物质丰富，需要大量的溶解氧来满足微生物的生长。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px0px20px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:1.75em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(63,63,63);lee-spacing:0.5px;&quo;&g;在污泥驯化的过程中，溶解氧的最低浓度应确保氧化沟出水口处溶解氧浓度不小于1.0mg/L。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px0px20px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:1.75em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(63,63,63);lee-spacing:0.5px;&quo;&g;在活性污泥驯化的第一阶段中，由于活性污泥的浓度较低，在曝气的过程中可能会产生大量的泡沫，在实际操作过程中，采取相应的处理措施，如采用喷洒水滴等措施来去除泡沫。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;间接控制法&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;1、换水&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;换水是生产中经常使用的方法同时也是养殖管理的需要。该方法适应于水源充足、进排水方便的小型养殖水体，要求遵循换水的基本技巧，切忌大排大进。换水法控制亚硝酸盐存在治标不治本的弱点，宜结合使用底质改良剂。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;2、微生物法&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;当前使用的微生物主要有光合细菌、芽孢&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;杆&l;/span&g;菌、EM菌、乳酸菌、放线菌等几大类，硝化细菌与上述微生物的不同之处在于：硝化细菌能吸收利用水中高浓度的亚硝酸盐，将其转化为硝酸盐、氮气等无害物质，而上述微生物对亚硝酸盐没有这种降解功能、它们的作用机理主要是修复水体微生态环境，改良水质和底质，间接增加水体溶解氧，保证硝化、反硝化的正常循环。有了这点认识后，我们应该走出光合细菌、芽孢杆菌、EM菌能降解亚硝酸盐的误区，它们起到的作用只是改良环境，修复水体微生态环境的功能。我们可以将其作为防止亚硝酸盐偏高的一种日常管理措施。当水体亚硝酸盐浓度高于0.5毫克/升，不宜立即使用上述微生物，特别是芽孢杆菌，会在短时间内导致亚硝酸盐浓度上升。针对这种情况，我们应该采取速效方法将亚硝酸盐浓度降低到对养殖动物无害的水平，然后再来考虑使用上述微生物。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;在实际生产中，还有很多方法来控制亚硝酸盐偏高带来的危害，例如各种增氧途径来提高硝化菌效率，使用底质改良剂，泼洒红糖、食盐、硫代硫酸钠等，无一例外，它们不能解决根本问题。仅起到缓解、控制等作用。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;细菌分解法&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;目前我们知道的是两类细菌：硝化菌和反硝化菌，硝化菌能将亚硝酸盐转化为硝酸盐，需要在有氧条件下进行；反硝化菌在缺氧条件下将亚硝酸盐还原成N2或氮氧化合物。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;市场上许多降亚产品都标示主要成分为硝化菌和反硝化菌，但都没有在实践中表现出理想的效果，只能说起到预防和缓解作用。从理论上说，硝化菌和反硝化菌是能够降低亚硝酸盐的，但是因为它们是化能自养菌，生长繁殖速度慢，要20小时以上才能繁殖一代，加上菌类保存技术、投放后到水体成活率低、水体环境等各方面影响，造成了硝化菌和反硝化菌降解亚硝酸盐不理想。更重要的是，假如塘中的溶解氧不足的话反硝化作用会更容易发生，反硝化作用可能会把硝酸盐还原成亚硝酸盐，反而使亚硝酸盐在一定的时间上升，所以要慎重。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;最新研究表明硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐是由异化硝酸盐还原酶参与进行的。目前已&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;成功&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;研制出异化硝酸盐还原酶钝化剂，其具有专性一，不影响其它微生物生化酶活性。试验表明，池塘施入这种钝化剂后，提高硝化细菌的生长速率和硝化速率，在30—40天内将亚硝酸盐控制在安全浓度范围内。该药剂几乎不受水体环境影响，有望能彻底解决亚硝酸盐困扰水产业这一世界性难题。相关试验还在进一步完善中。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;肥水法&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;亚硝酸盐富含氮肥，是藻类生长繁殖的基本营养。因此，加快水体藻类生长繁殖速速，能有效降低亚硝酸盐的浓度。生产上做法是使用单细胞植物生长调节剂（复硝酚纳、生化黄腐酸、腐植酸纳、氨基酸等）、光合作用催化剂、微量元素、硅肥等来实现的。值得注意的是当水体亚硝酸盐偏高，说明氮肥是比较充足的，不要再使用氮肥，家中水体氮循环负担，可以施加磷肥，达到“以磷促氮&dquo;的目的。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;肥水法降解亚硝酸盐在现代生态养殖中值得推广，但受以下条件制约：&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;①水体透明度要求大于30厘米，如果是因有机质、碎屑等造成的透明度低应泼洒絮凝净化机；&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;②未来三到五天天气晴好，气温适合藻类繁殖；&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;③水体亚硝酸盐浓度0.4毫克/升以下，还未对养殖动物造成影响时；&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;④水体藻相均匀，如果有害藻占上风，应先进行换水、投放优良藻种等措施；&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;⑤对水样镜检，如果浮游动物太多，应先泼洒杀虫剂。例如在轮虫危害比较严重地区，如果不先把轮虫杀灭掉，无论采取哪种方法都很难将亚硝酸盐处理掉。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;物理吸附法&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;物理吸附法是使用具有高吸附能力的物质，如沸石粉、硅胶、活性炭、海泡石等吸附剂，将亚硝酸根吸附在其结构中。这种方法在生产中广泛使用，许多底改产品均含有吸附剂成分。其优点是作用时间短、成本低。缺点是用量大，如沸石粉，50—100公斤/亩。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;secionsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;fon-size:15px;lee-spacing:1px;line-heigh:30px;bode:0pxnone;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;secionsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;secionsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;&quo;&g;水处理系统工程中大致需要普通型泵、增压型泵、防腐蚀型泵。普通型泵一般选用IS型铸铁水泵;增压型水泵一般选用不锈钢水泵如丹麦格兰夫进口高压泵(根据具体情况而定);防腐蚀型水泵一般选用IH型化工泵或工程朔料水泵。&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;&quo;&g;不同厂家的水泵型号都有所不同，首先根据系统的工艺要求选择水泵的流量;其次根据工艺要求选择水泵的扬程(1公斤约等于10米扬程，1MPa约等于10公斤);再次根据工艺要求来选择水泵的材质(主要是指水泵泵头的材质);最后根据各种水泵的耗电量来选择即能达到工艺要求又能节省系统能耗的水泵。&l;/p&g; &l;/secion&g; &l;/secion&g; &l;/secion&g;

&l;secionsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;fon-size:15px;lee-spacing:1px;line-heigh:30px;bode:0pxnone;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;secionsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;secionsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;&quo;&g;在当前的水处理行业中，浓水循环频繁自动倒极系统是以可编程控制器为控制核心，以系统产水工艺运行时间为控制函数，利用电动或气动直通阀门、三通阀门来定时切换浓淡水的水流方向，使淡水始终流入产水箱，而浓水固定排入浓水循环箱。在水资源日益匮乏的今天，浓水循环频繁自动倒极系统具有深远的意义，第一该系统的水回收率较高可达到80%(视进水水质而定)，在一些大型的水处理系统中节水的效果非常明显。第二该系统的造价比较低，对系统进水水质的要求比较低，容易推广(在一些对回收率要求较高而又不能够投入较多资金的企业或厂矿的水处理项目中比较有竞争力)。&l;/p&g; &l;/secion&g; &l;/secion&g; &l;/secion&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-decoaion:none;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;还原法&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-decoaion:none;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;近几年来，有些专家在研究时，利用NO2-在酸性条件下具有氧化性而被还原的特点，考虑使用某种还原剂将NO2-还原降解为易挥发气体而自动脱离反应体系。例如张秀云发现铸铁屑对NO2-有一定的脱除效果，且随铸铁屑量的增加，脱除效果增加。根据标准氧化还原电位可知，在弱酸性条件下，Fe能将亚硝酸盐转换为N2或氨态氮；薛丽等采用铵盐法在100摄氏度下对含亚硝酸钠的废水处理1h后，废水中NO2-含量达到排放标准。该方法的基本原理是;NH4++NO2-&a;NH4NO2&a;N2&ua;+H2O。类似的研究很多，但这些化学反应是需要条件的，仅适合&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;工业水处理。&l;/song&g;经过水产药品研究者的努力，已寻找到了一种适合养殖水体使用的安全经济的还原剂——亚硝酸盐降解剂（出于企业利益，笔者不便公开），并经过先进的制剂技术加工成多个剂型在市场上销售。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;该亚硝酸盐降解剂原料成本低廉，约4000元/吨，适合渔药企业生产，因此在降亚产品中占有率较高。该类产品在使用中具有以下优点：&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;①降解迅速，从洒入水体到反应结束，仅5个小时左右，特别适合虾类亚硝酸盐中毒急救；&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;②安全环保，该药结构简单，&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;在水体与亚硝酸盐反应后迅速降解，对养殖动物无毒副作用，也不会引起养殖水体二次污染，值得注意的是改药剂可以在雨天使用；&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;③脱氮彻底，该药将亚硝酸盐态氮直接还原成氮气挥发到空气中，而采用氧化法生成的硝酸根离子可能会在反硝化菌作用下回流成亚硝酸根；&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;④降解率高，最高能达到90%以上，是其它方法无法比拟的。使用还原法和氧化法存在同样的弱点，就是维持时间短，水体亚硝酸盐容易反弹。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;氧化法&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;亚硝酸根离子中的氮为中间价态，具有被氧化的特性。当介质中的NO2-遇氧化剂时则会改变氮的价态，发生得失电子的变化而被氧化，最终NO2-离子会转变为毒性较小甚至无毒的物质。具有氧化亚硝酸根离子能力的物质很多，如：臭氧、双氧水、&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-decoaion:none;&quo;&g;次氯酸钠等很多物质，但适合在养殖水体中使用的仅溴&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;氯海因、二氧化氯等几种强氧化消毒剂。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:17px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-inden:28px;widh:538px;line-heigh:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-decoaion:none;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;用强氧化剂来氧化NO2-离子使其成为NO3-离子的优越之处在于反应速度快、成本低、氧化效率高。但在实际生产中很少采用这种方法来降解亚硝酸盐，主要原因是在这些强氧化消毒剂在常规使用浓度下对亚硝酸盐减降解率低（低浓度下降解亚硝酸盐效果不明显，高浓度下会造成伤害），此外氧化法降解亚硝酸盐还存在容易反弹的弱点。在生产中出现以下情况时优先选择这种方法：①正常预防消毒，但亚硝酸盐含量在0.2毫克/升左右时，可以选用颗粒型三&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;氯异氰脲酸（如&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;氯立得，能直接到达池底，改良底质，抑制亚硝酸盐的生成）全池抛洒，既预防了鱼病又能控制亚硝酸盐；②爆发鱼病需要消毒，亚硝酸盐含量在&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:28px;&quo;&g;0.2毫克/升左右时，优先使用二元二氧化氯，既杀灭了病原体，又改善了环境，缩短了康复时间。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;fon-size:17px;line-heigh:1.75em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;fon-size:15px;colo:gb(0,0,0);lee-spacing:2px;&quo;&g;后沉析是将沉析、絮凝以及被絮凝物质的分离在一个与生物设施相分离的设施中进行，因而也就有二段法工艺的说法。一般将沉析药剂投加到二次沉淀池后的一个混合池(M池)中，并在其后设置絮凝池(F池)和沉淀池(或气浮池)。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;fon-size:17px;line-heigh:1.75em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;fon-size:15px;colo:gb(0,0,0);lee-spacing:2px;&quo;&g;后沉析工艺简图如图4所示。对于要求不严的受纳水体，在后沉析工艺中可采用石灰乳液药剂，但必须对出水PH值加以控制，比如采用沼气中的CO2进行中和。&l;/span&g;&l;bsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;/&g;  &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(51,51,51);fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;fon-size:17px;line-heigh:1.75em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;fon-size:15px;colo:gb(0,0,0);lee-spacing:2px;&quo;&g;采用气浮池可以比沉淀池更好地去除悬浮物和总磷，但因为需恒定供应空气而运转费用较高。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;