&l;peclass=&quo;bes-exmb-10&quo;id=&quo;bes-conen-2729996628&quo;syle=&quo;min-heigh:55px;&quo;&g; &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;根据污水来源的观点，污水可以定义为从住宅、机关、商业或者工业区排放的与地下水、地表水、暴风雪等混合的携带有废物的液体或者水。污水由许多类别，相应地减少污水对环境的影响也有许多技术和工艺。按照污水来源，污水可以分为这四类。 &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;第一类：工业废水&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;来自制造采矿和工业生产活动的污水，包括来自与工业或者商业储藏、加工的径流活渗沥液，以及其它不是生活污水的废水。 &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;第二类：生活污水&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;来自住宅、写字楼、机关或相类似的污水；卫生污水；下水道污水，包括下水道系统中生活污水中混合的工业废水。 &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;第三类：商业污水&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;来自商业设施而且某些成分超过生活污水的无毒、无害的污水。如餐饮污水。洗衣房污水、动物饲养污水，发廊产生的污水等。 &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;第四类：表面径流&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;来自雨水、雪水、高速公路下水，来自城市和工业地区的水等等，表面径流没有渗进土壤，沿街道和陆地进入地下水。&l;/span&g;&l;/pe&g;

&l;p&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;污水的概念&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;污水是生活污水、工业废水、被污染的雨水的总称&l;b/&g; 生活污水是人类在日常生活中使用过的,并被生活废料所污染的水&l;b/&g; 工业废水是在工矿企业生产活动中用过的水。工业废水可分为生产污水与生产废水两类。&l;b/&g; 生产污水是指在生产过程中形成、并被生产原料、半成品或成品等废料所污染,也包括热污染(指&l;b/&g; 生产过程中产生的、水温超过60的水);生产废水是指在生产过程中形成,但未直接参与生产&l;b/&g; 工艺、未被生产原料、半成品或成品污染或只是温度稍有上升的水&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g;  &l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;&l;song&g;水污染现状及来源&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; 1、水污染及治理现状&l;b/&g; 污水处理率&l;b/&g; 截至2016年9月底,全国设市城市、县(下称“城镇&dquo;)累计建成城镇污水处理厂3976座&l;b/&g; 处理能力达到1.70亿立方米/日。城镇污水处理率919%;县城污水处理率8522%,90%以上&l;b/&g; 的城市水域受到污染,特别严重的水系:三河:淮河、海河、辽河&l;b/&g; 湖泊富营养化严重:滇池、巢湖(安徽)、太湖(江苏)&l;b/&g; 50%左右地下水水质受到污染;50%以上的重点城镇饮用水源不符合标准&l;b/&g; 2、水污染来源&l;b/&g; 生活污水的排放数量超过工业废水。2011年我国生活废水排放量428亿吨,占废水排放总&l;b/&g; 量的65%;而工业废水排放量231亿吨,占35%。&l;b/&g; A点污染源:(1)工业污染源&l;b/&g; 十小企业:小型造纸、制革、印染、染料、炼焦、炼硫、炼砷、炼油、电镀、农药&dquo;&l;b/&g; 十大重点行业:造纸、焦化、氮肥、有色金属、印染、农副食品加工、原料药制造、制革&l;b/&g; 农药、电镀等&l;b/&g; (2)生活污染源:BOD200~300mgL&l;b/&g; (3)养殖业:产值占农业生产总值的30%&l;b/&g; 如北京的养殖业排放的BOD约为工业和生活污水BOD总量的2倍。&l;b/&g; B.面污染源:城市暴雨、农业生产:化肥和农药的使用、农田排水与暴雨径流&l;b/&g; C交通污染源:汽车排&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:2em;&quo;&g;工业污水处理光化学催化氧化技术是在光化学氧化的基础上发展起来的，与光化学法相比，有更强的氧化能力，可使工业污水处理有机污染物更彻底地降解。光化学催化氧化是在有催化剂的条件下的光化学降解，氧化剂在光的辐射下产生氧化能力较强的自由基。&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;催化剂有TiO2、ZnO、WO3、CdS、ZnS、SnO2和Fe3O4等。分为均相和非均相两种类型，均相光催化降解是以Fe2+或Fe3+及H2O2为介质，通过光助-Fenon反应产生羟基自由基使污染物得到降解；非均相催化降解是在污染体系中投入一定量的光敏半导体材料，如TiO2、ZnO等，同时结合光辐射，使工业污水处理光敏半导体在光的照射下激发产生电子—空穴对，吸附在半导体上的溶解氧、水分子等与电子—空穴作用，产生˙OH等氧化能力极强的自由基。TiO2光催化氧化技术在氧化降解水中有机污染物，特别是工业污水处理难降解有机污染物时有明显的优势。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:2em;&quo;&g;20世纪70年代起，随着大型钴源和电子加速器技术的发展，辐射技术应用中的辐射源问题逐步得到改善。利用工业污水处理辐射技术处理废水中污染物的研究引起了各国的关注和重视。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(61,170,214);&quo;&g;与传统的化学氧化相比，利用辐射技术处理污染物，不需加入或只需少量加入化学试剂，不会产生二次污染，具有降解效率高、反应速度快、污染物降解彻底等优点。&l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;而且，当工业污水处理电离辐射与氧气、臭氧等催化氧化手段联合使用时，会产生“协同效应&dquo;。因此，辐射技术处理污染物是一种清洁的、可持续利用的技术，被国际原子能机构列为21世纪和平利用原子能的主要研究方向。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:2em;&quo;&g;工业污水处理电化学(催化)氧化技术通过阳极反应直接降解有机物，或通过&l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:2em;&quo;&g;工业污水处理阳极反应产生羟基自由基(˙OH)、臭氧等氧化剂降解有机物。&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;电化学(催化)氧化包括二维和三维电极体系。由于&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(61,170,214);&quo;&g;三维电极体系的微电场电解作用，目前备受推崇&l;/span&g;。三维电极是在传统的二维电解槽的电极间装填粒状或其他碎屑状工作电极材料，并使装填的材料表面带电，成为第三极，且在工作电极材料表面能发生电化学反应。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;与二维平板电极相比，三维电极具有很大的比表面，能够增加电解槽的面体比，能以较低电流密度提供较大的电流强度，粒子间距小而物质传质速度高，时空转换效率高，因此电流效率高、污水处理效果好。三维电极可用于处理生活污水，农药、染料、制药、含酚废水等难降解有机废水，金属离子，垃圾渗滤液等。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:2em;&quo;&g;低温等离子体水处理技术，包括&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;高压脉冲放电等离子体水处理技术和辉光放电等离子体水处理技术，是利用放电直接在水溶液中产生等离子体，或者将气体放电等离子体中的活性粒子引入水中，可使水中的污染物彻底氧化、分解&l;/song&g;。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;水溶液中的直接脉冲放电可以在常温常压下操作，整个放电过程中无需加入催化剂就可以在水溶液中产生原位的化学氧化性物种氧化降解有机物，该项技术对低浓度有机物的处理经济且有效。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;此外，应用脉冲放电等离子体水处理技术的反应器形式可以灵活调整，操作过程简单，相应的维护费用也较低。受放电设备的限制，该工艺降解有机物的能量利用率较低，等离子体技术在水处理中的应用还处在研发阶段。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(61,170,214);&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:2em;&quo;&g;工业污水处理磁分离技术&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:2em;&quo;&g;是近年来发展的一种&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:2em;colo:gb(61,170,214);&quo;&g;新型的利用废水中杂质颗粒的磁性进行分离的水处理技术。&l;/span&g;对于水中非磁性或弱磁性的颗粒，利用工业污水处理磁性接种技术可使它们具有磁性。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;磁分离技术应用于废水处理有三种方法：&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;直接磁分离法、间接磁分离法和微生物—磁分离法。&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;目前研究的工业污水处理磁性化技术主要包括磁性团聚技术、铁盐共沉技术、铁粉法、铁氧体法等，具有代表性的磁分离设备是圆盘磁分离器和高梯度磁过滤器。目前磁分离技术还处于实验室研究阶段，还不能应用于实际工程实践。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:2em;&quo;&g;臭氧是一种强氧化剂，与还原态污染物反应时速度快，使用方便，不产生二次污染，可用于污水的消毒、除色、除臭、去除有机物和降低COD等。单独使用臭氧氧化法造价高、处理成本昂贵，且其氧化反应具有选择性，对某些卤代烃及农药等氧化效果比较差。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;为此，近年来发展了旨在提高臭氧氧化效率的相关组合技术，其中UV/O3、H2O2/O3、UV/H2O2/O3等组合方式不仅可提高氧化速率和效率，而且能够氧化臭氧单独作用时难以氧化降解的有机物。&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(61,170,214);&quo;&g;由于臭氧在水中的溶解度较低，且臭氧产生效率低、耗能大，因此增大臭氧在水中的溶解度、提高臭氧的利用率、研制高效低能耗的臭氧发生装置成为研究的主要方向。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(61,170,214);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:2em;&quo;&g;典型的Fenon试剂是由Fe2+催化H2O2分解产生˙OH，从而引发有机物的氧化降解反应。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:2em;&quo;&g;由于Fenon法处理废水所需时间长，使用的试剂量多，而且过量的Fe2+将增大处理后废水中的COD并产生二次污染。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;近年来，人们将紫外光、可见光等引入Fenon体系，并研究采用其他过渡金属替代Fe2+，这些方法可显著增强Fenon试剂对有机物的氧化降解能力，减少Fenon试剂的用量，降低处理成本，统称为类Fenon反应。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;Fenon法&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(61,170,214);&quo;&g;反应条件温和，设备较为简单，适用范围广；既可作为单独处理技术应用，也可与其他方法联用，如与混凝沉淀法、活性碳法、生物处理法等联用，作为难降解有机废水的预处理或深度处理方法&l;/span&g;。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:2em;&quo;&g;铁碳微电解法&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:2em;&quo;&g;是利用Fe/C原电池反应原理对废水进行处理的良好工艺，又称内电解法、铁屑过滤法等。铁炭微电解法是电化学的氧化还原、电化学电对对絮体的电富集作用、以及电化学反应产物的凝聚、新生絮体的吸附和床层过滤等作用的综合效应，其中主要是氧化还原和电附集及凝聚作用。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;铁屑浸没在含大量电解质的废水中时，形成无数个微小的原电池，在铁屑中加入焦炭后，铁屑与焦炭粒接触进一步形成大原电池，使铁屑在受到微原电池腐蚀的基础上，又受到大原电池的腐蚀，从而加快了电化学反应的进行。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;此法具有&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(61,170,214);&quo;&g;适用范围广、处理效果好、使用寿命长、成本低廉及操作维护方便等诸多优点，并使用废铁屑为原料，也不需消耗电力资源，具有“以废治废&dquo;的意义&l;/span&g;。目前铁炭微电解技术已经广泛应用于印染、农药/制药、重金属、石油化工及油分等废水以及垃圾渗滤液处理，取得了良好的效果。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:2em;&quo;&g;膜分离技术是利用膜对混合物中各组分选择透过性能的差异来分离、提纯和浓缩目标物质的新型分离技术。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;目前常用的膜技术有&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;超滤、微滤、电渗析及反渗透&l;/song&g;。其中的&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(61,170,214);&quo;&g;超滤、微滤用于工业废水的处理时，不能有效去除污水中的盐分，但可以有效截留悬浮固体(SS)及胶体COD；电渗析(elecodialysis)和反相渗透(RO)技术是最有效和最常用的脱盐技术&l;/span&g;。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;限制膜技术工程应用推广的主要难点是膜的造价高、寿命短、易受污染和结垢堵塞等。伴随着膜生产技术的发展，膜技术将在废水处理领域得到越来越多的应用。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:2em;&quo;&g;离子交换是一个单元操作过程，在这个过程中，通常涉及到溶液中的离子与不溶性聚合物(含有固定阴离子或阳离子)上的反离子之间的交换反应。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(61,170,214);&quo;&g;采用离子交换法时，废水首先经过阳离子交换柱，其中带正电荷的离子(Na+等)被H+置换而滞留在交换柱内；之后，带负电荷的离子(CI-等)在阴离子交换柱中被OH-置换，以达到除盐的目的。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;fon-family:-apple-sysem-fon,BlinkMacSysemFon,'HelveicaNeue','PingFangSC','HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHeiUI','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:0.544000029563904px;ophans:auo;ex-align:jusify;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-size:16px;line-heigh:1.75em;ex-inden:2em;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;但该法一个主要问题是废水中的固体悬浮物会堵塞树脂而失去效果，还有就是离子交换树脂的再生需要高昂的费用且交换下来的废物很难处理。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;