&l;peclass=&quo;bes-exmb-10&quo;id=&quo;bes-conen-2729996628&quo;syle=&quo;min-heigh:55px;&quo;&g; &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;根据污水来源的观点，污水可以定义为从住宅、机关、商业或者工业区排放的与地下水、地表水、暴风雪等混合的携带有废物的液体或者水。污水由许多类别，相应地减少污水对环境的影响也有许多技术和工艺。按照污水来源，污水可以分为这四类。 &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;第一类：工业废水&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;来自制造采矿和工业生产活动的污水，包括来自与工业或者商业储藏、加工的径流活渗沥液，以及其它不是生活污水的废水。 &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;第二类：生活污水&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;来自住宅、写字楼、机关或相类似的污水；卫生污水；下水道污水，包括下水道系统中生活污水中混合的工业废水。 &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;第三类：商业污水&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;来自商业设施而且某些成分超过生活污水的无毒、无害的污水。如餐饮污水。洗衣房污水、动物饲养污水，发廊产生的污水等。 &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;第四类：表面径流&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;来自雨水、雪水、高速公路下水，来自城市和工业地区的水等等，表面径流没有渗进土壤，沿街道和陆地进入地下水。&l;/span&g;&l;/pe&g;

&l;p&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;污水的概念&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;污水是生活污水、工业废水、被污染的雨水的总称&l;b/&g; 生活污水是人类在日常生活中使用过的,并被生活废料所污染的水&l;b/&g; 工业废水是在工矿企业生产活动中用过的水。工业废水可分为生产污水与生产废水两类。&l;b/&g; 生产污水是指在生产过程中形成、并被生产原料、半成品或成品等废料所污染,也包括热污染(指&l;b/&g; 生产过程中产生的、水温超过60的水);生产废水是指在生产过程中形成,但未直接参与生产&l;b/&g; 工艺、未被生产原料、半成品或成品污染或只是温度稍有上升的水&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g;  &l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;&l;song&g;水污染现状及来源&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; 1、水污染及治理现状&l;b/&g; 污水处理率&l;b/&g; 截至2016年9月底,全国设市城市、县(下称“城镇&dquo;)累计建成城镇污水处理厂3976座&l;b/&g; 处理能力达到1.70亿立方米/日。城镇污水处理率919%;县城污水处理率8522%,90%以上&l;b/&g; 的城市水域受到污染,特别严重的水系:三河:淮河、海河、辽河&l;b/&g; 湖泊富营养化严重:滇池、巢湖(安徽)、太湖(江苏)&l;b/&g; 50%左右地下水水质受到污染;50%以上的重点城镇饮用水源不符合标准&l;b/&g; 2、水污染来源&l;b/&g; 生活污水的排放数量超过工业废水。2011年我国生活废水排放量428亿吨,占废水排放总&l;b/&g; 量的65%;而工业废水排放量231亿吨,占35%。&l;b/&g; A点污染源:(1)工业污染源&l;b/&g; 十小企业:小型造纸、制革、印染、染料、炼焦、炼硫、炼砷、炼油、电镀、农药&dquo;&l;b/&g; 十大重点行业:造纸、焦化、氮肥、有色金属、印染、农副食品加工、原料药制造、制革&l;b/&g; 农药、电镀等&l;b/&g; (2)生活污染源:BOD200~300mgL&l;b/&g; (3)养殖业:产值占农业生产总值的30%&l;b/&g; 如北京的养殖业排放的BOD约为工业和生活污水BOD总量的2倍。&l;b/&g; B.面污染源:城市暴雨、农业生产:化肥和农药的使用、农田排水与暴雨径流&l;b/&g; C交通污染源:汽车排&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g; 含油废水主要来源于石油、石油化工、钢铁、焦化、煤气发生站、机械加工等工业部门。废水中油类污染物质，除重焦油的相对密度为1.1以上外，其余的相对密度都小于1。油类物质在废水中通常以三种状态存在。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;（1）浮上油，油滴粒径大于100μm，易于从废水中分离出来。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;（2）分散油．油滴粒径介于10一100μm之间，恳浮于水中。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;（3）乳化油，油滴粒径小于10μm，不易从废水中分离出来。由于不同工业部门排出的废水中含油浓度差异很大，如炼油过程中产生废水，含油量约为150一1000mg/L，焦化废水中焦油含量约为500一800mg/L，煤气发生站排出废水中的焦油含量可达2000一3000mg/L。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g; 因此，含油废水的治理应首先利用隔油池，回收浮油或重油，处理效率为60％一80％，出水中含油量约为100一200mg/L；废水中的乳化油和分散油较难处理，故应防止或减轻乳化现象。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g; 方法之一，是在生产过程中注意减轻废水中油的乳化；其二，是在处理过程中，尽量减少用泵提升废水的次数、以免增加乳化程度。处理方法通常采用气浮法和破乳法。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g; 含汞废水主要来源于有色金属冶炼厂、化工厂、农药厂、造纸厂、染料厂及热工仪器仪表厂等。从废水中去除无机汞的方法有硫化物沉淀法、化学凝聚法、活性炭吸附怯、金属还原法、离子交换法和微生物法等。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g; 一般偏碱性含汞废水通常采用化学凝聚法或硫化物沉淀法处理。偏酸性的含汞废水可用金属还原法处理。低浓度的含汞废水可用活性炭吸附法、化学凝聚法或活性污泥法处理，有机汞废水较难处理，通常先将有机汞氧化为无机汞，而后进行处理。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g; 含酚废水主要来自焦化厂、煤气厂、石油化工厂、绝缘材料厂等工业部门以及石油裂解制乙烯、合成苯酚、聚酰胺纤维、合成染料、有机农药和酚醛树脂生产过程。含酚废水中主要含有酚基化合物，如苯酚、甲酚、二甲酚和硝基甲酚等。酚基化合物是一种原生质毒物，可使蛋白质凝固。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g; 水中酚的质量浓度达到0．1一0．2mg/L时，鱼肉即有异味，不能食用；质量浓度增加到1mg/L，会影响鱼类产卵，含酚5—10mg/L，鱼类就会大量死亡。饮用水中含酚能影响人体健康，即使水中含酚质量浓度只有0.002mg／L，用氯消毒也会产生氯酚恶臭。通常将质量浓度为1000mg/L的含酚废水．称为高浓度含酚废水，这种废水须回收酚后，再进行处理。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g; 质量浓度小于1000mg/L的含酚废水，称为低浓度含酚废水。通常将这类废水循环使用，将酚浓缩回收后处理。回收酚的方法有溶剂萃取法、蒸汽吹脱法、吸附法、封闭循环法等。含酚质量浓度在300mg/L以下的废水可用生物氧化、化学氧化、物理化学氧化等方法进行处理后排放或回收。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;p&g;曝气池作为活性污泥法以及好氧工艺的核心控制单元，其常规监测项目如温度、pH、COD的控制非常重要，是否能够控制好这些参数对于出水质量往往有重大影响。今天，我们就来说一说曝气池常规监测的五大项目。&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;song&g;1.温度&l;/song&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;好氧活性污泥微生物能正常生理活动的最适宜温度范围是15-30℃。一般水温低于10℃或高于35℃时，都会对好氧活性污泥的功能产生不利影响。当温度高于40℃或低于5℃时，甚至会完全停止。&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;在一定范围内，随着温度的升高，虽然不利于氧向水中转移，却可以加快生化反应速率，微生物增殖速率也会加快。但温度突升并超过一定限度时，就会产生不可逆破坏。相比之下，温度降低对微生物的影响要小一些，一般不会出现不可逆破坏。如果水温的降低变化缓慢，活性污泥中的微生物可以逐步适应这种变化，通过采取降低负荷、提高溶解氧浓度、延长曝气时间等措施，仍能取得较好的处理效果。&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;因此，在实际生产运行中，要重视水温的突然变化，尤其是水温的突然升高。为防止水温过高的工业废水对好氧生物处理产生不利影响，应进行降温处理。&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;song&g;2.pH值&l;/song&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;活性污泥微生物最适宜的pH值介于6.5~8.5之间。pH值降至4.5以下，活性污泥中原生动物将全部消失，大多数微生物的活动会受到抑制，优势菌种为真菌，活性污泥絮体受到破坏，极易产生污泥膨胀现象。当pH值大于9后，微生物的代谢速率将受到极大的不利影响，菌胶团会解体，也会产生污泥膨胀现象。当污水pH值高于10或低于5时，在进入曝气池之前，必须进行酸碱中和调整pH值，使进入曝气池的污水pH值至少在6-9之间。&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;活性污泥混合液本身对pH值变化具有一定的缓冲作用，因为好氧微生物的代谢活动能改变其活动环境的pH值。比如说好氧微生物对含氮化合物的利用，由于脱氮作用而产生酸，降低环境的pH值；由于脱羧作用而产生碱性酸，又可使pH值上升。因此，经过长时间的驯化，活性污泥法也能处理具有一定酸性或碱性的污水。此外，污水本身所具有的碱度对pH值的下降有一定的抑制作用。&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;但是，污水的pH值发生突变，例如碱性污水进人已适应酸性环境的活性污泥系统时，将会对其中微生物造成冲击，甚至有可能破坏整个系统的正常运行。因此，酸碱污水是否进行中和处理，要根据实际情况而定，若是进入活性污泥系统的污水pH值变化不大，尤其是只有微酸性水或微碱性水其中之一时，往往不需要中和处理，而pH值变化幅度较大时，应事先进行中和处理调整pH值至中性。&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;song&g;3.COD和BOD5&l;/song&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;无论采用哪种活性污泥法，曝气池所能承受的有机负荷都是有一定限度的，超过限度，曝气池的运行效果将难以保证。对于正在运行的曝气池，进水BOD5最高值都是固定的，由于BOD5分析周期较长，实际上多以COD分析结果指导生产。曝气池进水有机负荷一旦超标，就应当立即采取降低进水量、加大污泥回流量、提高充氧效率等措施，以免对整个二级生物处理系统造成冲击和保证出水水质。如果进水COD值偏低，就应当立即采取增加进水量、减少污泥回流量和减少风机运转台数，降低表曝机转速等，降低充氧效率的措施，以免造成不必要的动力浪费。&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;song&g;4.氨氮和磷酸盐&l;/song&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;理论上，微生物对氮、磷的需要量要按BOD5:N:P-100:5:1来计算，但实际活性污泥法处理系统曝气池进水中的BOD5与氮、磷的比例往往低于此值，系统也能正常运转。氮、磷的含量因处理的工业废水种类不同差别很大，有的污水氮、磷的含量很高，不经过脱磷除氮，二沉池出水氮、磷的含量就会超标。而对于氮、磷的含量很低的污水，如果不能及时补充一定量的氮、磷，微生物的功能会受到限制，二沉池出水的COD和BOD5就难以保证达标。&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;当处理氮、磷的含量很低的工业废水时，对于正在运行的曝气池，曝气池进水中氨氮和磷酸盐的含量分别为10mg/L和5mg/L左右，即可满足混合液微生物对氮、磷的需要。如果曝气池进水中氨氮和磷酸盐的含量长时间低于上述值，就应当及时增加氮、磷的投加量。&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;song&g;5.有毒物质&l;/song&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;对于特定的工业废水，有毒物质的种类一般不变，含量和排水量却难以恒定。除了需要采取均质调节等一级处理措施之外，必须对曝气池进水中有毒物质的含量进行监测和控制。&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;活性污泥驯化结束后，要根据混合液对进水中有毒物质的适应程度，结合运行经验，确定影响生化系统的进水有毒物质最高限值。如果曝气池进水中有毒物质的含量长时间超过限值，就应当采取降低进水量、加大污泥回流量、提高充氧效率等措施，避免因混合液微生物中毒而影响处理效果。&l;/p&g;

&l;p&g;&l;song&g;丝状菌引起污泥膨胀的控制方法&l;/song&g;&l;b/&g;  &l;b/&g; 污泥膨胀的早期控制方法主要是靠外加药剂（如消毒剂）直接杀死丝状菌或投加无机或有机混凝剂增加污泥絮体的密度来改善污泥絮体的沉降性能。目前此类方法仍运用于某些污水处理厂。&l;b/&g;  &l;b/&g; （1）投加Cl2或漂白粉&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;控制污泥膨胀采用的传统氧化剂是Cl2。具有氧化能力的Cl2、HOCl和次氯酸根渗入细胞后，能破坏菌体内的酶系统，导致细胞死亡。绝大程度上说的丝状菌都可通过加氯气加以控制。一般投加在回流污泥中，加氯点的Cl2、浓度应控制在小于35mg/L，加氯量最适宜控制在10~20mg/L&middo;d，投加量过大反而会杀死菌胶团菌，造成絮体解体。当SVI值逐渐降低、膨胀不断缓解时，应逐渐减少投药量。&l;b/&g;  &l;b/&g; （2）投加H2O2&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;双氧水在控制污泥丝状菌膨胀中的应用也相当广泛。控制丝状菌的最少投量是0.1g/kg&middo;d（H2O2/MLSS）时，将会破坏脱磷作用，投加一段时间后（大概10天）脱磷作用会慢慢恢复。H2O2的毒性对脱氮作用只有少量的影响，在检测中没有发现氨、氮和硝酸盐氮有明显变化。&l;b/&g;  &l;b/&g; （3）投加臭氧&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;投加臭氧也可以控制丝状菌引起的污泥膨胀，臭氧还能有效地改善硝化作用和提高难降解有机物的去除率，臭氧的投加量在4g/kg&middo;d（H2O2/MLSS）左右，一般投加在好氧区。&l;b/&g;  &l;b/&g; （4）投加凝聚剂&l;b/&g;  &l;b/&g; 投加合成的有机聚合物、铁盐、铝盐等混凝剂均可以通过其凝聚作用来提高污泥的压密性增加污泥的比重；投加高岭土、碳酸钙、氢氧化钙等也可以通过提高污泥的压密性来改善污泥的沉降性能。实践证明，不设初沉池的污水厂，其SVI值都比较低，所以设有初沉池的污水厂发生污泥膨胀时，将部分污水直接送到曝气池也是一种控制污泥膨胀的方法。&l;b/&g;  &l;b/&g; （5）回流污泥&l;b/&g;  &l;b/&g; 此法主要应用在脱氮除磷工艺中，将二沉池排出的回流污泥排入一单独设置的曝气池内进行曝气，将微生物体内贮存物质氧化，从而使菌胶团细菌具有最大吸附和贮存能力，使污泥得到充分再生并恢复活性，所以可以在与丝状菌的竞争中获得优势，抑制丝状菌的过量繁殖。&l;b/&g;  &l;b/&g; 当污泥膨胀发生时，采用上述方法能较快地降低SVI值，但是没有从根本上控制住丝状菌的繁殖。一旦停止加药，污泥膨胀可能又会出现。加药改变了微生物的生长环境，无疑会对污水处理厂的稳定运行产生负面影响，因此只能作为临时应急只用。&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;活性污泥法的关键技术是活性污泥沉降性能的好坏，它直接影响了出水水质，而污泥膨胀是恶化处理水质的重要原因。其表观现象是活性污泥絮凝体的结构与正常絮凝体相比要松散一些，体积膨胀，含水率上升，不利于污泥底物对污水中营养物质的吸收降解，并且影响后续工序的沉淀效果。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-align:sa;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;一般从以下三个方面定义污泥膨胀：沉降性能差，区域沉降速度小；污泥松散，不密实，污泥指数较大；由丝状菌引起的污泥膨胀中，丝状菌总长度大于1&imes;104m/g。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;污泥膨胀的分类&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;污泥膨胀分为丝状菌膨胀和非丝状菌膨胀两类。其中90%是由丝状菌引起的，只有10%左右是由非丝状菌引起的。活性污泥系统中的生物处于动态平衡之中，理想的絮凝体沉淀性能好，丝状菌和菌胶团细菌之间相互竞争，相互依存，絮体中存在的丝状菌有利于保护絮体已经形成的结构并能增加其强度。但是在污泥膨胀诱因的诱发下，丝状菌在和菌胶团的竞争中占优，大量的丝状菌伸出絮凝体，破坏其稳定性。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;可辨识的污泥膨胀絮体有两种类型：第一类是长丝状菌从絮体中伸出，此类丝状菌将各个絮体连接，形成丝状菌和絮体网；第二类具有更开放的结构，细菌沿丝状菌凝聚，形成细长的絮体。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;丝状菌污泥膨胀的原因&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;（1）原水中营养物质含量不足。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;活性污泥法处理污（废）水的过程，就是污泥中的微生物种群不断地吸收、利用水中污染物，在自身增殖的同时，将污染物加以降解的过程。随反应的进行需要多种营养物质保证其正常的新陈代谢活动，并维持生物的动态平衡和活动。若微生物的食物不足，会使低营养型微生物丝硫细菌、贝氏硫细菌过度繁殖，在与菌胶团细菌的竞争中占优。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;（2）原水中碳水化合物和可溶性物质含量高。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;丝状菌与其它菌种相比有其自身的一些特点，它对高分子物质的水解能力弱，较难吸收不溶性物质。所以，当废水中含有较多量的可溶性有机物时，有利于底物中丝状菌的繁殖。此外，废水中含过多量的糖类碳水化合物时，诸如球衣菌属的丝状菌能直接将葡萄糖、乳糖等糖类物质作为能源加以吸收利用，同时分泌出高粘性物质覆盖在菌胶团细菌表面，从而大大提高了污泥的水结合率。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;（3）硫化物含量高&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;正常的活性污泥中硫代谢丝状菌含量不多，若污水中硫化物含量偏高（这种情况多存在于工业废水中），容易引起诸如硫化菌、021N型菌、贝氏硫化菌等硫代谢丝状菌的过量增殖，致使引发污泥膨胀。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;（4）进水波动&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;进水波动是指进入活性污泥反应器的原水在流量以及有机物浓度、种类方面的改变。如果曝气池中有机物浓度突然增加，就会因微生物呼吸迅速致使溶解氧含量降低，此时丝状菌在争夺氧中占优，大量繁殖，引起污泥膨胀。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;（4）温度&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;反应器底物中每种细菌都有自己的最适宜生长温度，在最适宜生长温度下，其繁殖旺盛，竞争力强。如果温度较低，污水中微生物代谢速度较慢，会积贮起大量高粘性的多糖类物质，使活性污泥的表面附着水大大增加，SVI值增高，从而可能会引起污泥膨胀。温度对丝状菌的影响也是很普遍的，丝状菌膨胀对温度具有敏感性，在其它条件等同的情况下，10℃时产生严重的污泥膨胀现象；将反应器温度提高到22℃，不再产生污泥膨胀。这也是大多数活性污泥在冬季时会产生污泥膨胀或者污泥膨胀更加严重的原因之一。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;（5）溶解氧&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;溶解氧作为构成活性污泥混合液三要素（气、水、泥）之一，是许多生物降解反应的必要条件。菌胶团细菌和浮游球衣菌等丝状菌对溶解氧需要量差别比较大，菌胶团细菌是好氧菌，而绝大多数丝状菌是适应性强的微好氧菌。因此，若溶解氧含量不足，菌胶团菌的生长受到抑制，而丝状菌仍能正常利用有机物，在竞争中占优。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;（6）pH值&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;pH值较低，会导致丝状真菌的繁殖而引起污泥膨胀。活性污泥微生物最适宜的pH值范围是6.5~8.5；pH值低于6.5时利于真菌生长繁殖；pH值低至4.5时，真菌将完全占优，活性污泥絮体遭到破坏，所处理的水质恶化。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g; &l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;（7）BOD－污泥负荷&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g; &l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HelveicaNeue',Helveica,'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;line-heigh:25.6000003814697px;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;BOD污泥负荷是设计活性污泥反应池和控制其运行的重要指标。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:&quo;HiaginosansGB&quo;,&quo;MicosofYaHei&quo;,Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);ex-align:cene;&quo;&g;&l;imgal=&quo;&quo;sc=&quo;/Public/usefiles/images/a6(1).png&quo;syle=&quo;widh:494px;heigh:424px;&quo;/&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginosansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;fonsyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;colo:gb(192,0,0);&quo;&g;1、好氧池活性污泥培养驯化&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/fon&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginosansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;fonsyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;（1）污泥的培养&l;/song&g;&l;/fon&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginosansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;fonsyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:32px;&quo;&g;将EMO高效菌种用污水稀释捣碎，虑出其中中的杂质，投放好氧池中，投放时好氧池水位调整至正常水位的1/2左右，投加完毕后，将好氧池中污水水位增至正常水位，投加菌种时曝气系统开始进行运行，并进行闷曝（即在不进水和不排水的条件下，连续不断的曝气），经过数小时后，停止曝气，沉淀排掉半池上清夜，再加入污水，闷曝数小时后，停止曝气，沉淀排掉半池上清夜，再加入污水，重复进行闷曝换水，期间注意观察污泥的性状，以及溶氧的控制，保持在2—4mg/L间。直到出现模糊状具有絮凝性的污泥。培养期间主要采用生活污水，如为工业污水，需注意污水中各营养物质平衡比例。&l;/span&g;&l;/fon&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginosansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;fonsyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;ex-inden:32px;&quo;&g;当好氧池出现污泥绒絮后，就间歇地往曝气池投加污水，往曝气池投加的水量，应保证池内的水量能每天更换池体容积的1/2，随着培养的进展，逐渐加大水量使在培养后期达到每天更换一次。在曝气池出水进入二次沉淀池2小时左右就开始回流污泥。&l;/span&g;&l;/fon&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginosansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;fonsyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;（2）污泥的驯化&l;/song&g;&l;/fon&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginosansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0em;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;fonsyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;&quo;&g;在进水中逐渐增加被处理的污水的比例，或提高浓度，使生物逐渐适应新的环境开始时，被处理污水的加入量可用曝气池设计负荷的20-30%，达到较好的处理效率后，再继续增加，每次增加负荷后，须等生物适应巩固后再继续增加，直至满负荷为止。&l;/span&g;&l;/fon&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginosansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;fonsyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;colo:gb(192,0,0);&quo;&g;2、厌氧池污泥的培养驯化&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/fon&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginosansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;fonsyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;&quo;&g;（1）、将EMO高效菌种用污水稀释捣碎，虑出其中中的杂质，将厌氧池中的污水提升到正常水位的1/2水位处，将池中的污水厌氧1—2天（配合后面好氧段的污泥培养）；&l;/span&g;&l;/fon&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginosansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;fonsyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;&quo;&g;（2）、开始采用间歇进水，污泥负荷率控制在0.05～0.2kgCOD/(kgVSS.d)。&l;/span&g;&l;/fon&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginosansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;fonsyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;&quo;&g;（3）、当污泥逐渐适应废水性质后，污泥逐渐就具有了去除有机物的能力。当COD去除率达到30％以上后，可以逐步提高进水容积负荷率，每次提高容积负荷率的幅度以0.5kgCOD/(m3.d)左右为宜，此时可以由间歇进水过渡到连续进水，但应控制进水浓度和进水量，保持稳定的增长。&l;/span&g;&l;/fon&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginosansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;fonsyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;&quo;&g;（4）、随着负荷的提高，反应器内的污泥逐渐由松散状态变成沉淀性能较好的絮体，污泥的产甲烷活性也相应提高。&l;/span&g;&l;/fon&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginosansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;fonsyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;&quo;&g;（5）、在调试过程中要保证系统的负荷以20％～30％的增长速率稳定增长，每次调整负荷应保证去除率达到30％后稳定3～4d，然后再提高负荷。&l;/span&g;&l;/fon&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:&quo;HiaginoSansGB&quo;,&quo;MicosofYaHei&quo;,Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ex-inden:0em;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);ex-align:cene;&quo;&g;&l;imgal=&quo;&quo;sc=&quo;/Public/usefiles/images/活性污泥(1).jpg&quo;syle=&quo;widh:450px;heigh:299px;&quo;/&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0em;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;&quo;&g;活性污泥法生化系统的调试首先是投加EMO高效菌种进行接种。高效菌种可以大大缩短污泥培养驯化的时间。培养驯化在好氧池内进行。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;&quo;&g;活性污泥处理系统在正式投产之前的首要工作是培养和驯化污泥。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0em;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;colo:gb(192,0,0);&quo;&g;活性污泥的培养：&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;&quo;&g;就是为形成活性污泥的微生物、细菌提供适宜的生长繁殖环境，保证需要的营养物质、氧气供应（曝气）、合适的温度和酸碱度，使其大量繁殖，形成活性污泥，并最后达到处理污水所需的污泥浓度。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0em;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;colo:gb(192,0,0);&quo;&g;活性污泥的驯化：&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;&quo;&g;就是使培养出来的活性污泥适应需要处理的污水的水质水量。在污泥驯化过程中，污泥中的微生物主要发生两个变化。其一是能利用该污水中的有机污染物的微生物数量逐渐增加，不能利用的逐渐死亡、淘汰。其二是能适应该水质的微生物，在废水中有机物的诱发下，产生能分解利用该种有机物的诱导酶。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:&quo;HiaginoSansGB&quo;,&quo;MicosofYaHei&quo;,Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ex-inden:0em;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);ex-align:cene;&quo;&g;&l;imgal=&quo;&quo;sc=&quo;/Public/usefiles/images/活性污泥.jpg&quo;syle=&quo;widh:450px;heigh:299px;&quo;/&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0em;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;colo:gb(192,0,0);&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;混合液悬浮固体（MLSS）浓度：&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;&quo;&g;为单位体积混合液所含活性污泥固体物的总重量，即：包括微生物、自身氧化残留物、不可降解有机物和无机物。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0px;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;colo:gb(192,0,0);&quo;&g;混合液挥发性悬浮固体（MLVSS）浓度：&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;&quo;&g;为单位体积混合液中有机固体物质浓度，不包括无机盐部分，它能准确表示活性污泥活性部分的数量。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0em;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;colo:gb(192,0,0);&quo;&g;污泥沉降比（SV%）：&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;&quo;&g;曝&l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;&quo;&g;气池混合液在100ml量筒内静置30min后形成的沉淀污泥体积占原混合液容积的百分比。它能反应曝气池正常运行时的污泥量，可用于控制剩余污泥的排放，还能够及时发现污泥膨胀或其它异常情况。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;clea:boh;min-heigh:1em;colo:gb(62,62,62);fon-family:'HiaginoSansGB','MicosofYaHei',Aial,sans-seif;fon-size:16px;fon-syle:nomal;fon-vaian:nomal;fon-weigh:nomal;lee-spacing:nomal;ophans:auo;ex-inden:0em;ex-ansfom:none;whie-space:nomal;widows:1;wod-spacing:0px;-webki-ex-soke-widh:0px;line-heigh:24px;ex-align:jusify;backgound-colo:gb(255,255,255);&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;songsyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;wod-wap:beak-wod!impoan;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;colo:gb(192,0,0);&quo;&g;污泥指数（SVI）：&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;magin:0px;padding:0px;max-widh:100%;box-sizing:bode-box!impoan;oveflow-wap:beak-wod!impoan;line-heigh:24px;&quo;&g;本项指标含义是曝气池出水口处混合液经30min静沉后，每克干污泥所占有的污泥体积。它能反映污泥吸附性、凝聚性和沉淀性，通常SVI在80－150之间。&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;p&g;&l;song&g;电镀废水来源&l;/song&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;ex-align:cene;&quo;&g;&l;imgal=&quo;&quo;sc=&quo;/Public/usefiles/images/a1(4).jpg&quo;syle=&quo;widh:400px;heigh:300px;&quo;/&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;1、镀件清洗水；&l;b/&g; 2、废电镀液；&l;b/&g; 3、其他废水，包括冲刷车间地面，刷洗极板洗水，通风设备冷凝水，以及由于镀槽渗漏或操作管理不当造成的“跑、冒、滴、漏&dquo;的各种槽液和排水；&l;b/&g; 4、设备冷却水，冷却水在使用过程中除温度升高以外，未受到污染。电镀废水的水质、水量与电镀生产的工艺条件、生产负荷、操作管理与用水方式等因素有关。电镀废水的水质复杂，成分不易控制，其中含有铬、镉、镍、铜、锌、金、银等重金属离子和氰化物等，有些属于致癌、致畸、致突变的剧毒物质。&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;电镀废水特点&l;/song&g;&l;b/&g; 电镀和金属加工业废水中锌的主要来源是电镀或酸洗的拖带液。污染物经金属漂洗过程又转移到漂洗水中。酸洗工序包括将金属(锌或铜)先浸在强酸中以去除表面的氧化物，随后再浸入含强铬酸的光亮剂中进行增光处理。该废水中含有大量的盐酸和锌、铜等重金属离子及有机光亮剂等，毒性较大，有些还含致癌、致畸、致突变的剧毒物质，对人类危害极大。因此，对电镀废水必须认真进行回收处理，做到消除或减少其对环境的污染。&l;/p&g;