&l;peclass=&quo;bes-exmb-10&quo;id=&quo;bes-conen-2729996628&quo;syle=&quo;min-heigh:55px;&quo;&g; &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;根据污水来源的观点，污水可以定义为从住宅、机关、商业或者工业区排放的与地下水、地表水、暴风雪等混合的携带有废物的液体或者水。污水由许多类别，相应地减少污水对环境的影响也有许多技术和工艺。按照污水来源，污水可以分为这四类。 &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;第一类：工业废水&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;来自制造采矿和工业生产活动的污水，包括来自与工业或者商业储藏、加工的径流活渗沥液，以及其它不是生活污水的废水。 &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;第二类：生活污水&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;来自住宅、写字楼、机关或相类似的污水；卫生污水；下水道污水，包括下水道系统中生活污水中混合的工业废水。 &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;第三类：商业污水&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;来自商业设施而且某些成分超过生活污水的无毒、无害的污水。如餐饮污水。洗衣房污水、动物饲养污水，发廊产生的污水等。 &l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;第四类：表面径流&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;来自雨水、雪水、高速公路下水，来自城市和工业地区的水等等，表面径流没有渗进土壤，沿街道和陆地进入地下水。&l;/span&g;&l;/pe&g;

&l;p&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;污水的概念&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;污水是生活污水、工业废水、被污染的雨水的总称&l;b/&g; 生活污水是人类在日常生活中使用过的,并被生活废料所污染的水&l;b/&g; 工业废水是在工矿企业生产活动中用过的水。工业废水可分为生产污水与生产废水两类。&l;b/&g; 生产污水是指在生产过程中形成、并被生产原料、半成品或成品等废料所污染,也包括热污染(指&l;b/&g; 生产过程中产生的、水温超过60的水);生产废水是指在生产过程中形成,但未直接参与生产&l;b/&g; 工艺、未被生产原料、半成品或成品污染或只是温度稍有上升的水&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g;  &l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:16px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;&l;song&g;水污染现状及来源&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; 1、水污染及治理现状&l;b/&g; 污水处理率&l;b/&g; 截至2016年9月底,全国设市城市、县(下称“城镇&dquo;)累计建成城镇污水处理厂3976座&l;b/&g; 处理能力达到1.70亿立方米/日。城镇污水处理率919%;县城污水处理率8522%,90%以上&l;b/&g; 的城市水域受到污染,特别严重的水系:三河:淮河、海河、辽河&l;b/&g; 湖泊富营养化严重:滇池、巢湖(安徽)、太湖(江苏)&l;b/&g; 50%左右地下水水质受到污染;50%以上的重点城镇饮用水源不符合标准&l;b/&g; 2、水污染来源&l;b/&g; 生活污水的排放数量超过工业废水。2011年我国生活废水排放量428亿吨,占废水排放总&l;b/&g; 量的65%;而工业废水排放量231亿吨,占35%。&l;b/&g; A点污染源:(1)工业污染源&l;b/&g; 十小企业:小型造纸、制革、印染、染料、炼焦、炼硫、炼砷、炼油、电镀、农药&dquo;&l;b/&g; 十大重点行业:造纸、焦化、氮肥、有色金属、印染、农副食品加工、原料药制造、制革&l;b/&g; 农药、电镀等&l;b/&g; (2)生活污染源:BOD200~300mgL&l;b/&g; (3)养殖业:产值占农业生产总值的30%&l;b/&g; 如北京的养殖业排放的BOD约为工业和生活污水BOD总量的2倍。&l;b/&g; B.面污染源:城市暴雨、农业生产:化肥和农药的使用、农田排水与暴雨径流&l;b/&g; C交通污染源:汽车排&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;ex-align:cene;&quo;&g;&l;imgal=&quo;&quo;sc=&quo;/Public/usefiles/images/DSCI1466.jpg&quo;syle=&quo;widh:600px;heigh:400px;&quo;/&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;&l;song&g;生物处理的概念及特点&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;1.概念&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;废水的生物处理方法是利用生物的新陈代谢作用,对废水中的污染物质进行转化和稳定&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;使之无害化的处理方法&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;2.特点&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&adic;对污染物进行转化和稳定的主体是微生物。由于微生物具有来源广、易培养、繁殖快&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;对环境适应性强、易变异等特寺性,因此在使用上能较容易地采集菌种进行培养增殖,并&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;在特定条件下进行驯化使之适应有毒工业废水的水质条件&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&adic;微生物的生存条件温和,新陈代谢过程中不需高温高压,它是不需投加催化剂的催化反&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;应,用生化法促使污染物的转化过程与一般化学法相比优越得多&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&adic;处理废水的费用低廉,运行管理较方便,所以生化处理是废水处理系统中最重要的过程&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;之一,目前,这种方法已广泛用作生活污水及工业有机废水的二级处理&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;生物处理的目的和重要性&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;废水生物处理的目的&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;（1)絮凝和去除废水中不可自然沉淀的胶体状固体物;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;（2)稳定和去除废水中的有机物&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;（3)去除营养元素氮和磷。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;废水生物处理的重要性&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;（1)城市污水中约有60%以上的有机物只有用生物法去除才最经济&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;（2)废水中氮的去除一般来说只有依靠生物法&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;（3)目前世界上已建成的城市污水处理厂有90%以上是生物处理法&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;（4)大多数工业废水处理厂也是以生物法为主体的&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;ex-align:cene;&quo;&g;&l;imgal=&quo;&quo;sc=&quo;/Public/usefiles/images/556721297540086690.jpg&quo;syle=&quo;widh:600px;heigh:450px;&quo;/&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;给水处理&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; 以地面水为水源时,去除浊度和细菌。经混凝沉淀后一般浊度小于10度。&l;b/&g; &l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;废水处理&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;(1)工业废水&l;/song&g;:用于处理一些特殊的废水,脱色、去除悬浮物等。&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;(2)印染废水处理:&l;/song&g;适用于含颜料、分散染料、水溶性分子量较大的等染料废水处理。&l;b/&g; 混凝剂的选择与染料种类有关,需做混凝试验。可以单独用无机混凝剂,也可和有机高&l;b/&g; 分子絮凝剂联用。&l;b/&g; 例:某针织厂废水TOC为50-60mgL,pH值为75。采用PAC混凝剂,投加量为140mgL&l;b/&g; 时,TOC去除率为68%&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;(3)含油废水处理:&l;/song&g;乳化油颗粒小、表面带电荷,加混凝剂,压缩双电层&l;b/&g; 通常采用混凝气浮工艺&l;b/&g; 例:兰州炼油厂废水加PAC采用二级气浮原水含油50~100mgL,投加PAC5omgL一级气&l;b/&g; 浮出水,油20-30mgL,PAC30mg/L二级气浮出水,油15-20mgL&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;(4)肉类加工厂废水处理&l;/song&g;&l;b/&g; 例:某肉类加工厂屠宰废水COD为670mgL,用聚合硫酸铁处理后,COD去除率在77%以上。&l;b/&g; 混凝优点：上马快、投资省、效果好，但运转费高，沉渣多&l;/p&g; &l;p&g; &l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;ex-align:cene;&quo;&g;&l;imgal=&quo;&quo;sc=&quo;/Public/usefiles/images/a6(1).png&quo;syle=&quo;widh:494px;heigh:424px;&quo;/&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;混凝的作用&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; 混凝可去除的局及部分包小的悬浮物是一种化学方法&l;b/&g; 颗粒大小范围在:lnm-0.1m(有时认为在lm)&l;b/&g; &l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;混凝目的：&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;①&l;/song&g;投加混凝剂使胶体脱稳,相互凝聚生长成大矾花&l;b/&g; 2有效去除水中的悬浮物和胶体物质,降低出水浊度和COD&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;③&l;/song&g;有效去除微生物、病原菌、病毒等&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;④&l;/song&g;去除污水中的乳化油、色度、重金属&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;⑤&l;/song&g;可去除污水中磷的90%-95%。是最高效的除磷方法。&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;⑥&l;/song&g;改善水质,有利于后续处理&l;b/&g; &l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;混凝机理与过程&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; 水中的胶体颗粒,主要是带负电的粘土颗粒。胶体间的静电斥力,胶体的布朗运动及胶&l;b/&g; 粒表面的水化作用,使胶粒具有分散稳定性。因此,胶体颗粒靠自然沉淀是不能除去的&l;b/&g; 向水中投加混凝剂能提供大量的正离子,压缩胶团的扩散层,使ξ电位降低,静电斥力&l;b/&g; 减少。此时,布朗运动由稳定因素转变为不稳定因素,也有利于胶粒的吸附凝聚。即使ξ&l;b/&g; 电位没有降低或降低不多,胶粒不能相互接触,通过高分子链状物吸附胶粒,也能形成絮状&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g; &l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;ex-align:cene;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;imgal=&quo;&quo;sc=&quo;/Public/usefiles/images/65132b1ddc855c235b4fcee45c252ee.png&quo;syle=&quo;widh:543px;heigh:427px;&quo;/&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g;  &l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;(1)气浮系统的调试&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;①&l;/song&g;调试前的工作:拆下所有释放器,反复清洗管路及溶气罐,直至出水中无杂质;检&l;b/&g; 查连接溶气罐和空压机间管路上的单向阀的水流方向是否指向溶气罐&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;②&l;/song&g;调试时的工作:先用清水调式压力溶气罐和溶气释放系统,待该系统运行了正常后&l;b/&g; 再向气浮池内注入原废水&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;③&l;/song&g;3控制压力溶气罐内的水位距罐底60~100cm(既不淹没填料,也不能过低),将进&l;b/&g; 出水阀门完全打开,防止出水阀门处截流,气泡提前释出。&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;④&l;/song&g;异常现象及解决办法:接触区浮渣面不平,局部冒出大气泡或水流不稳定,应取下&l;b/&g; 释放器排除堵塞;分离区浮渣面不平,池面常见大气泡破裂,则表明气泡与絮粒粘附不好&l;b/&g; 应验查并对混凝系统进行调整;不合格出水返回集水井,合格出水进入后续处理系统。&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;⑤&l;/song&g;控制气浮池出水调节阀管或可动堰板,将气浮池水位稳定在集渣槽口以下5~10cm&l;b/&g; 待水位稳定后,用进出水阀门调节并测量处理水量,直至达到设计流量为止。&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;⑥&l;/song&g;待浮渣积至5-8cm后,开动刮渣机进行刮渣。检查刮渣和排渣能否正常进行,出&l;b/&g; 水水质是否受到影响&l;b/&g; &l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;(2)日常维护及管理&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;①&l;/song&g;根据反应池的絮凝、气浮池分离区浮渣及出水水质,调整混凝剂投加量等混凝参数&l;b/&g; 检查并防止加药管堵塞&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;②&l;/song&g;掌握浮渣积累规律和刮渣时间,建立刮渣制度。&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;③&l;/song&g;经常观察溶气罐的水位指示管,控制管内水位在60-100cm之内,防止大量空气窜&l;b/&g; 入气浮池。&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;④&l;/song&g;冬季水温过低时,絮凝效果差,除增加投药量外,有时还需增加回流水量或溶气压&l;b/&g; 力,以增加微气泡数量及与絮粒的粘附,以弥补因水流粘度的增加而降低带气絮粒的上浮性&l;b/&g; 能,保证出水水质。&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;⑤&l;/song&g;做好日常运行记录,包括处理水量、水温、进出水水质、投药量、溶气水量、溶气&l;b/&g; 罐压力、刮渣周期、泥渣含水率等&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;气浮法是以微小气泡作为载体,粘附水中的杂质颗粒,使其视密度小于水,然后颗粒被气泡挟带浮升至水面与水分离去除的方法。是一种固一液和液一液分离的方法。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;ex-align:cene;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;imgal=&quo;&quo;sc=&quo;/Public/usefiles/images/11111111111111111.jpg&quo;syle=&quo;widh:553px;heigh:248px;&quo;/&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g;  &l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;具体过程:&l;/song&g;通入空气&a;产生微细气泡&a;SS附着在气泡上&a;上浮&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;应用:&l;/song&g;自然沉淀或上浮难于去除的悬浮物,以及比重接近1的固体颗粒&l;b/&g; &l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;气浮法的适用对象&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;①&l;/song&g;固—液分离:污水中固体颗粒粒度很细小,颗粒本身及其形成的絮体密度接近或低&l;b/&g; 于水,很难利用沉淀法实现固液分离的各种污水&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;②&l;/song&g;给水方面:可应用于高含藻水源、低温低浊水源、受污染水源和工业原料盐水等的净化&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;③&l;/song&g;液—液分离:从污水中分离回收石油、有机溶剂的微细油滴、表面活性剂及各种金属&l;b/&g; 离子等。&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;④&l;/song&g;要求获得比重力沉淀更高的水力负荷和固体负荷,或用地受到限制的场合&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;⑤&l;/song&g;有效地用于活性污泥浓缩&l;b/&g; &l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;气浮法的特点&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; 由于气浮池的表面负荷有可能高,水在池中停留时间只露10-20min,而且池深只需2m&l;b/&g; 左右,故占地少,占地面积为沉淀法的1/2~1/8;池溶积为1/4~1/8。节省基建投资(约25%)&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;(1)&l;/song&g;气浮池具有预曝气、脱色、降低COD等作用,出水和浮渣都含有一定量的氧,有利于后续处理或再用,泥渣不易腐化&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;(2)&l;/song&g;对那些很难用沉淀法去除的低浊含藻水,气浮法处理效率高,甚至还可以去除原水中的浮游生物,出水水质好&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;(3)&l;/song&g;浮造含水率低,一般在96%以下,比沉淀法污泥体积少2-10倍,简化了污泥处置节省了费用。而且表面刮渣比池底排泥方便&l;/span&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;(4)&l;/song&g;也回收有用物质,如造纸白水中的纸浆。&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;(5)&l;/song&g;气浮法所需药剂量比沉淀法少。但电耗较大,约0.02~004kWh/m3;溶气释放器易堵塞;浮渣受风雨影响。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g; &l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;平流式沉淀池&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;运行操作主要是控制污水在池中的水平流速和停留时间&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;水中砂的粒径&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;平流速,反之则应碱小才能使砂粒充分沉淀下来。控制要点&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;当流量变化时首先应调整溢流堰高度来改变有效水深;而后考虑改变运行池数。水力停&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;留时间影响沉砂效率。如停留时间不足,则本应沉淀下来的砂粒也会随水流走。反之,有机&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;物将沉淀下来。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;ex-align:cene;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;imgal=&quo;&quo;sc=&quo;/Public/usefiles/images/平流沉淀池.jpg&quo;syle=&quo;widh:448px;heigh:252px;&quo;/&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;曝气沉淀池&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;运行操作主要是控制污水在池中的旋流速度和旋转圈数。旋流速度与砂粒粒径相&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;粒径越小,需要的旋流速度越大;旋流速度也不能太大,否则沉下的砂粒会重新泛起&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;旋流速度与沉淀池的几何尺寸、扩散器的安装位置和曝气强度等因素有关。旋转圈数则&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;与除砂效率相关,旋转圈数越多,除砂效率越高。要去除直径为02mm的砂粒,需要维持&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;0.3m/s旋转速度,在池中至少旋转3圈。在运行中可通过调整曝」&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;改变旋流速度和旋&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;转圈数,保证稳定的除砂效率。当进入沉淀池的水量增大时,水平平流速也将加快,此时应&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;增大曝气强度&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;ex-align:cene;&quo;&g;&l;imgal=&quo;&quo;sc=&quo;/Public/usefiles/images/曝气沉淀池(2).jpg&quo;syle=&quo;widh:392px;heigh:307px;&quo;/&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;及时排砂除渣&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;沉砂量取决于进水水质,运转人员应认真摸索总结本厂砂量的变化规律,及时排砂。排&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;砂间隙过长会堵塞排砂管、砂泵,堵卡刮砂机械;如排砂间隙太短又会使排砂量增大,含水率高，增加后续处置的难度。沉淀池上的浮渣也应定期清除&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;p&g;&l;imgal=&quo;&quo;sc=&quo;/Public/usefiles/images/568833189296750531.jpg&quo;syle=&quo;widh:600px;heigh:800px;&quo;/&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;沉淀法是利用水中悬浮颗粒的可沉降性能,在重力作用下产生下沉作用,以达到固液分&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;离的一种过程&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;沉淀处理工艺的四种用法&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;沉砂池:&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;用以去除污水中的无机易沉物&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;初次沉淀池:&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;较经济地去除悬浮物、有机物等,减轻后续生物处理构筑物的有机负荷&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;二次沉淀池:&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;用来分离生物处理工艺中产生的生物膜、活性污泥等,使处理后的水得以&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;澄清。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;song&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:#B22222;&quo;&g;污泥浓缩池:&l;/span&g;&l;/song&g;将来自初沉池及二沉池的污泥进一步浓缩,以减小体积,降低后续构筑物&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;的尺寸及处理费用等。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;适用对象&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin:0px;fon-sech:nomal;line-heigh:nomal;fon-family:&quo;HelveicaNeue&quo;;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;沉砂池去除污水中混砂等粗大颗粒;沉淀池去除有机和无机性可沉悬浮物和胶体混凝物。&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;ex-align:cene;&quo;&g;&l;imgal=&quo;&quo;sc=&quo;/Public/usefiles/images/a2(7).jpg&quo;syle=&quo;widh:500px;heigh:375px;&quo;/&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;&l;song&g;一、格栅&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;描述: &l;/song&g;   格栅由一组(或多组)相平行的金属栅条与框架组成,倾斜安装在进水的渠&l;b/&g;              道,或进水泵站集水井的进口处,以拦截污水中粗大的悬浮物及杂质。&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;作用:     &l;/song&g;去除可能堵塞水泵机组及管道阀门的较粗大悬浮物,并保证后续处理设施能正常&l;b/&g;              选用栅条间距的原则:不堵塞水泵和水处理厂、站的处理设备&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;格栅种类:&l;/song&g;平面格栅(栅条+框架)、曲面格栅&l;b/&g; &l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;&l;song&g;二、格栅的清渣方法&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;人工清除:&l;/song&g;与水平面倾角:45°60°°,设计面积应采用较大的安全系数,一般不小于进&l;b/&g;              水渠道面积的2倍,以免清渣过于频繁&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;机械清除:&l;/song&g;与水平面倾角:60°~70°,过水面积一般应不小于进水管渠的有效面积1.2&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;筛网:&l;/song&g;     筛网用金属丝或纤维丝纺织而成,与格栅相比,筛网主要用来截留尺寸较小的悬&l;b/&g;              浮固体,尤其适应于分离和回收废水中细碎的纤维类悬浮物(如羊毛、棉布毛、纸浆纤维和化&l;b/&g;              学纤维等),也可作为城市污水和工业废水的预处理,以降低悬浮固体含量&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;形式&l;/song&g;:     振动筛网、水力筛网&l;b/&g; &l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;&l;song&g;三、格栅和筛网的操作管理&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;日常管理:&l;/song&g;注意对栅条、除渣耙、栅渣箱和前后水渠的清扫,经常清运栅渣,保持格栅&l;b/&g; &l;song&g;定期检查维修:&l;/song&g;消耗性零部件的更换期大约1~2年,基础部件3-10年。出现初期故障&l;b/&g;              时,应及时查清原因,及时处理&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g;

&l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;污水处理方法多样，那么格格污给您整理了一些常用的办法工艺，分享给大家&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;&l;song&g;基本处理方法&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;1.物理法：沉淀、气浮、筛网&l;b/&g; 2.化学法：处理溶解性物质或胶体&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;中和、吹脱、混凝、消毒&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;3.生物处理法：好氧、厌氧、天然条件下的生物处理（稳定塘和土地处理系统）&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;colo:gb(178,34,34);&quo;&g;&l;song&g;工业废水处理&l;/song&g;&l;/span&g;&l;b/&g; 根据水质不同、处理程度工艺而异&l;b/&g; 一般大多以生物处理为主，但常有前处理：调节、气浮、除油、中和&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;p&g;&l;spansyle=&quo;fon-size:14px;&quo;&g;根据需要有后处理：混凝、过滤、吸附&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; &l;psyle=&quo;magin-lef:36.0p;&quo;&g; &l;/p&g;

&l;psyle=&quo;ex-align:cene;&quo;&g;&l;imgal=&quo;&quo;sc=&quo;/Public/usefiles/images/a5.png&quo;syle=&quo;widh:500px;heigh:375px;&quo;/&g;&l;/p&g; &l;palign=&quo;lef&quo;&g;污水回用是指污水加以处理再生后回用于可用于再生水的地方去化为水资源予以科学利用。&l;/p&g; &l;palign=&quo;lef&quo;&g;污水回用应满足下列要求&l;/p&g; &l;palign=&quo;lef&quo;&g;1.对人体健康不应产生不良影响&l;/p&g; &l;palign=&quo;lef&quo;&g;2.对环境质量和生态系统不应产生不良影响&l;/p&g; &l;palign=&quo;lef&quo;&g;3.对产品质量不应产生不良影响;&l;/p&g; &l;palign=&quo;lef&quo;&g;4.应符合应用对象对水质的要求或标准&l;/p&g; &l;palign=&quo;lef&quo;&g;5.应为使用者和公众所接受&l;/p&g; &l;palign=&quo;lef&quo;&g;6.回用系统在技术上可行，操作简便&l;/p&g; &l;palign=&quo;lef&quo;&g;7.价格应比自来水低廉&l;/p&g; &l;palign=&quo;lef&quo;&g;8应有安全使用的保障&l;/p&g;